Pathological significance of plasma cell infiltration in diagnosing lymph node diseases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the value of plasma cells for diagnosing lymph node diseases. Methods: Common lymphadenopathy (except plasma cell neoplasms) diagnosed from September 2012 to August 2022 were selected from the pathological records of Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China. Morphological and immunohistochemical features were analyzed to examine the infiltration pattern, clonality, and IgG and IgG4 expression of plasma cells in these lymphadenopathies, and to summarize the differential diagnoses of plasma cell infiltration in common lymphadenopathies. Results: A total of 236 cases of lymphadenopathies with various degrees of plasma cell infiltration were included in the study. There were 58 cases of Castleman's disease, 55 cases of IgG4-related lymphadenopathy, 14 cases of syphilitic lymphadenitis, 2 cases of rheumatoid lymphadenitis, 18 cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease, 23 cases of Kimura's disease, 13 cases of dermal lymphadenitis and 53 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). The main features of these lymphadenopathies were lymph node enlargement with various degrees of plasm cell infiltration. A panel of immunohistochemical antibodies were used to examine the distribution of plasma cells and the expression of IgG and IgG4. The presence of lymph node architecture could help determine benign and malignant lesions. The preliminary classification of these lymphadenopathies was based on the infiltration features of plasma cells. The evaluation of IgG and IgG4 as a routine means could exclude the lymph nodes involvement of IgG4-related dieases (IgG4-RD), and whether it was accompanied by autoimmune diseases or multiple-organ diseases, which were of critical evidence for the differential diagnosis. For common lesions of lymphadenopathies, such as Castleman's disease, Kimura's disease, Rosai-Dorfman's disease and dermal lymphadenitis, the expression ratio of IgG4/IgG (>40%) as detected using immunhistochemistry and serum IgG4 levels should be considered as a standard for the possibility of IgG4-RD. The differential diagnosis of multicentric Castleman's diseases and IgG4-RD should be also considered. Conclusions: Infiltration of plasma cells and IgG4-positive plasma cells may be detected in some types of lymphadenopathies and lymphomas in clinicopathological daily practice, but not all of them are related to IgG4-RD. It should be emphasized that the characteristics of plasma cell infiltration and the ratio of IgG4/IgG (>40%) should be considered for further differential diagnosis and avoiding misclassification of lymphadenopathies.

Enfermedad de Castleman multicéntrica en pacientes HIV positivos. Reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Multicentric Astleman disease in HIV positive patients. Two cases. Report and literature review

La enfermedad de Castleman (EC) es un proceso linfoproliferativo poco frecuente que se caracteriza por hiperplasia de los ganglios linfáticos. Existen dos variedades histológicas bien diferenciadas la hialino-vascular y la plasmocelular, que a su vez pueden ser localizadas o multicéntricas. La forma hialino-vascular suele ser asintomática y localizada en mediastino mientras que la plasmocelular se presenta frecuentemente con signo-sintomatología sistémica y suele ser difusa o multicéntrica. En el contexto de la enfermedad debida al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), la EC se asocia en su patogenia a la infección por el herpes virus humano tipo-8 (HHV-8). La mayoría de los casos corresponden a la variante hialino-vascular (80/90%) en tanto un pequeño porcentaje (10/20%) son de la variante plasmocelular. En algunos pacientes, el patrón histopatológico puede ser mixto. Se describen dos casos de enfermedad de Castleman multicéntrica HHV8- positiva en pacientes con enfermedad HIV/SIDA.

Castleman's disease (CD), is a rare hematological condition of uncertain etiology, involves a massive proliferation of lymphoid tissues and typically presents as mediastinal masses. This is considered as a distinct type of lymphoproliferative disorder associated with inflammatory symptoms. In the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, CD is associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8) infection. Most cases of CD represent either the hyaline vascular variant (80­90% of cases) or the plasma cell variant (10­20%); a small percentage present with a mixed histologic appearance. Two cases of Castleman's disease associated with HHV-8 and HIV/AIDS infection are described

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma aggravated by hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease in association with paraneoplastic pemphigus: study of the tumor and successful treatment

Abstract The authors have successfully treated and monitored a case of paraneoplastic pemphigus in association with follicular dendritic cell sarcoma aggravated by hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease. The patient was a 56-year-old female who presented with recalcitrant erosive lichen planus of the oral cavity, tongue, and genital mucosa, along with polymorphous eruptions throughout her body. Histological examination of the cutaneous lesions, indirect immunofluorescence on rat bladder epithelium, and western blot of human keratinocyte proteins identified anti-epidermal antibodies in the patient's serum. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans found a mass in her retroperitoneal region. Pathology and immunohistochemistry investigation further corroborated the diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma originated from hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease. Complete remission was achieved and the patient has been monitored for four years.

Linfoma de células grandes B originado en enfermedad de Castleman: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Large B-cell lymphoma coexisting with Castleman's disease: report of one case

We report a 73-year-old female patient with Castleman's disease coexistent with large B cell type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a right axillary lymphadenopathy. An excisional biopsy was performed: microscopically, the lymph node revealed the presence of numerous plasma cells and small lymphoid cells characteristic of Castleman's disease. An analysis of another portion of the specimen revealed lymphoid cells with large abnormal nuclei gathered locally that were CDD 79+, CD 38+ and MUM-1+ as well as positive for Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and negative for Epstein Barr virus encoded RNA-1 (EBER).

Enfermedad de Castleman en glándula salival: informe de un caso pediátrico / Castleman disease in salivary gland: report of a pediatric case

La enfermedad de Castleman (EC) es una rara entidad linfoproliferativa benigna caracterizada por el crecimiento no neoplásico progresivo de los ganglios linfáticos en cualquier parte del cuerpo, aunque en la mayoría de los casos (60%) afecta el mediastino y, con una muy baja frecuencia, compromete la región de la cabeza y el cuello, incluidas las glándulas salivales. Representa un desafío diagnóstico para el médico porque se presenta con síntomas y signos inespecíficos. Existen dos subtipos: uno localizado en forma de adenopatía sin síntomas generales y otro multicéntrico con compromiso de varios grupos ganglionares y con manifestaciones clínicas sistémicas y alteraciones del laboratorio. El diagnóstico requiere un examen físico completo y exámenes complementarios (laboratorio, ecografía, tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética nuclear o ambas, punción aspiración con aguja fina) y se confirma a través del análisis histopatológico. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, pero la forma multicéntrica requiere además un tratamiento adyuvante. A pesar de su localización inusual en las glándulas salivales, la EC debería ser considerada entre los diagnósticos diferenciales, sobre todo ante la sospecha de procesos linfoproliferativos. Se describe en este trabajo el caso de una paciente pediátrica con diagnóstico de EC localizada en la glándula submaxilar, y se realizó una revisión de la literatura. (AU)

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative entity characterized for a non ­ neoplasic progressive growth of the lymph nodes in any part of the body; nevertheless it usually affects the mediastinum (60 %), and with less frequency, it compromises the head and neck region, including the salivary glands. It represents a diagnostic challenge for the doctor, because it has nonspecific symptoms and signs. There are two subtypes: the localized form, that generally is presented through an adenopaty without systemic symptoms, and a multicentric form that compromises several nodal groups and has systemic symptoms and laboratory abnormalities. Diagnosis requires a complete physical examination and complementary exams (blood tests, ultrasonography, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance, fine needle puncture ­ aspiration), and the final diagnosis is through histopathological analysis. The treatment is surgery, but multicentric form requires adyuvant treatment. Although its unusual presentation in salivary glands, CD should be considered between differential diagnosis, especially when we are thinking of lymphoproliferative entities. In this article, we present a case of a pediatric patient with diagnosis of CD of submaxilar gland and we review the literatura about this disease with special attention in the salivary glands location. (AU)

Terminologia da Enfermagem caracterizadora da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes / Terminología de enfermería caracterizadora de la violencia doméstica contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes / Nursing Terminology defines domestic violence against children and adolescents

RESUMOObjetivo:identificar termos relacionados à prática de enfermagem direcionada à criança e ao adolescente em situação de violência doméstica.Método:pesquisa descritiva bibliográfica, que selecionou 40 artigos na base da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, no tema da violência doméstica contra a criança e o adolescente, suas manifestações, causas e consequências, articulado com as práticas de enfermagem para enfrentamento e prevenção; e extraiu termos com uso de ferramenta computacional.Resultados:Foram extraídos 17.365 termos que após a normalização e adequação, resultou numa lista de 915 termos.Conclusão:Os termos selecionados focalizam o nexo biopsíquico individual e a face histórica do fenômeno foi, em parte, identificada em termos de menor frequência de aparição nos artigos, explicitando a contradição entre a lógica formal de identificação dos termos e a lógica dialética que reconhece as raízes históricas e a dinamicidade dos fenômenos.

RESUMENObjetivo:identificar termos relacionados a la práctica del Enfermería direccionada a los niños y a los adolescentes en situación del violencia doméstica.Método:investigación descriptiva bibliográfica, la cuál seleccionó 40 artículos con bases en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, en el tema de la violencia doméstica contra los niños y los adolescentes, suya manifestación, causas y consecuencias, articulado con las prácticas del enfermería para el confronto y prevención; y extraer termos con él uso de la herramienta computacional.Resultados:fueron extirpados 17.365 termos los cuales después de la normalización y adecuación resultó en una lista con 915 termos.Conclusión:los termos seleccionados destacan el nexo biopsíquico individual y la face histórica del fenómeno fue, en parte, identificada en termos con menor frecuencia de la aparición en los artículos, demostra la contradicción entre la lógica formal de la identificación de los termos y la lógica dialéctica la cual reconoce las raíces históricas y la dinámica de los fenómenos.

ABSTRACTObjective:Identifi cation of terminology relating to nursing practices aimed at children and adolescents at risk of domestic violence.Methods:bibliographic descriptive research which selected 40 articles from the Virtual Health Library on domestic violence against children and adolescents, its manifestations, causes, and consequences, in association with nursing procedures for its confrontation and prevention, and which also identifi ed terminology via computer tools.Results:17,365 terms that, after standardization and uniformity procedures, resulted in a listing of 915 terms.Conclusion:The terminology selected focused on the individual biopsychic nexus and the historic manifestation of this phenomenon was partially identifi ed in terms that appear less frequently in these articles, thereby explaining the contradiction between the formal identifi cation logic of such terminology and the dialectic logic that recognizes the historic reasons for, and dynamicity of, such phenomena.

Enfermedad de Castleman, un diagnóstico diferencial que no se debe olvidar en los tumores de mediastino: Caso clínico / Mediastinal Castleman's disease: Report of one case

Castleman's disease is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder which can be unicentric or multicentric. Hialine vascular variant is the most common pathologic form, which is usually unicentric and presenting as mediastinal tumors. We report a 31-year-old female with a history of retrosternal pain. A chest CAT sean showed a tumor in the posterior mediastinum. The patient was operated and the tumor excised. The pathology report showed a Castleman's disease. No other tumors were found in the patient, who had a favorable evolution.

Doença de Castleman cervical: relato de três casos / Cervical Castleman's disease: report of three cases

A doença de Castleman (DC) é uma rara e benigna desordem linfoproliferativa descrita por Castleman como "hiperplasia hialinizante linfoide". Sua etiologia e patogênese é desconhecida, porém parece haver hiperestimulação antigênica induzida por vírus de forma crônica e mediada por interleucina 6, com alguns casos ligados ao herpes vírus 8 e vírus da imunodeficiência humana (AU)

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare and benign lymphoproliferative disorder described by Castleman as "hyelinizing lymphoid hyperplasia". Its etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, but there appears to be antigen hyperstimulation chronically induced by virus and mediated by interleukin 6, with some cases related to herpes virus 8 and human immunodeficiency virus (AU)

Anemia drepanocítica y enfermedad de Castleman / Sickle cell anemia and Castleman disease

La enfermedad de Castleman es un proceso linfoproliferativo poco frecuente que se caracteriza por hiperplasia benigna de los ganglios linfáticos. Existen 2 variedades histológicas bien diferenciadas: la hialino-vascular y la plasmo-celular, que a su vez, pueden ser localizadas o multicéntricas. La forma hialino-vascular suele ser asintomática y localizada con mayor frecuencia en mediastino, mientras que la plasmo-celular se presenta frecuentemente con sintomatología sistémica y suele ser difusa o multicéntrica. Por lo poco frecuente de la asociación, presentamos un caso con antecedentes de anemia drepanocítica que después de 12 años de diagnóstico de una enfermedad de Castleman localizada, variante de células plasmáticas y exéresis total, hizo una recaída ganglionar con la misma variante, con buena respuesta clínica al tratamiento

Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative process characterized by benign hyperplasia of the lymph nodes. There are 2 distinct histologic variants: hyaline-vascular and cellular plasmodia, which in turn, may be localized or multicentric. The hyaline vascular form is usually asymptomatic and most often located in the mediastinum, whereas cellular plasmodia frequently presents with systemic symptoms and it is usually diffuse or multicentric. Due to the rarity of this association, we present a case with a history of sickle cell disease 12 years after diagnosis of localized Castleman's disease, plasma cell variant and total excision, lymph node had a relapse with the same variant, having good clinical treatment response

Hemangioma glomeruloide e a síndrome POEMS: relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura / Glomeruloid hemangioma in POEMS syndrome: a report on two cases and a review of the literature

O hemangioma glomeruloide caracteriza-se por enovelados capilares contidos em espaços vasculares dilatados reminiscentes de glomérulos renais, sendo fortemente associado à síndrome POEMS (polineuropatia, organomegalia, endocrinopatia, gamopatia monoclonal e alterações cutâneas). Relatamse dois casos da síndrome associados a hemangiomas glomeruloides e faz-se uma revisão da literatura. O primeiro é uma paciente feminina, 63 anos, internada para investigação de ascite, hepatoesplenomegalia, dificuldade de deambulação e hemangiomas cutâneos. A histopatologia de uma dessas lesões estabeleceu o diagnóstico de hemangioma glomeruloide e direcionou a investigação, que revelou polineuropatia sensitivo-motora, plasmocitoma kappa-positivo em L4 e Diabetes mellitus, permitindo o diagnóstico da síndrome. O segundo caso é de uma paciente feminina, 39 anos, com edema, ascite, derrame pleural, hemangiomas glomeruloides e linfonodomegalias (doença de Castleman). Havia um componente monoclonal de IgG-lambda e lesões blásticas no ilíaco direito e em L4, assim como lesão desmielinizante sensitivo-motora nos quatro membros, compondo o diagnóstico de síndrome POEMS.

Glomeruloid hemangioma is characterized by coiled capillary vessels contained within enlarged vascular spaces displaying an architecture that resembles renal glomeruli. The condition is strongly associated with POEMS syndrome (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy and Skin changes). The present paper reports on two cases of glomeruloid hemangiomas associated with POEMS syndrome, and includes a review of the literature. Case one refers to a 63-year old female patient admitted to hospital with ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, walking difficulties and cutaneous hemangiomas. Histopathology revealed a diagnosis of glomeruloid hemangioma and served to guide the clinical work-up, which revealed sensorimotor polyneuropathy, a plasmacytoma in the L4 vertebra with tumor cells positive for kappa chain, and diabetes mellitus. These findings permitted a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome to be reached. The second case consisted of a 39-year old woman admitted to hospital with edema, ascites, pleural effusion, glomeruloid hemangiomas and lymphadenopathy (Castleman's disease). Additional findings included monoclonal IgG-lambda paraproteinemia, blastic lesions in the right iliac bone and L4 vertebra, and demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy affecting all four limbs. The final diagnosis in this case was POEMS syndrome associated with Castleman's disease.

Doença de Castleman: uma apresentação pouco frequente / Castleman's disease: an unusual presentation

A doença de Castleman é uma doença linfoproliferativa rara, com envolvimento ganglionar localizado ou sistêmico, raramente atingindo o parênquima pulmonar. Relatamos o caso de um paciente imunocompetente, assintomático, com a variante histológica mais rara da doença, com apresentação nodular parenquimatosa. O paciente foi submetido a lobectomia, com evolução benigna. Nos últimos 10 anos, somente cinco casos de doença de Castleman com apresentação na forma de nódulo pulmonar único foram descritos na literatura. Este caso reforça a necessidade de inclusão da doença de Castleman no diagnóstico diferencial dos nódulos do pulmão, embora ela seja rara.

Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, with focal or systemic lymph node involvement, which rarely affects the lung parenchyma. We report the case of an asymptomatic immunocompetent male patient who had the rarest histological variant of the disease, a nodular parenchymal presentation. The patient underwent lobectomy, and the postoperative evolution was favorable. In the last 10 years, there have been only five reports of Castleman's disease presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule. This case underscores the fact that Castleman's disease, albeit rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.

Coexistencia de linfoma plasmablástico, sarcoma de Kaposi y enfermedad de Castleman en un paciente con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana / Coexistence of plasmablastic lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma and Castleman disease in a patient with HIV infection

El linfoma plasmablástico (LP) es un linfoma de células B poco común que está fuertemente asociado con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), y muestra una afinidad característica de presentación extra-ganglionar en la cavidad oral. Informamos el caso de un LP afectando el estómago en un paciente masculino de 36 años de edad con infección por VIH, asociado con sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) en áreas adyacentes al linfoma. Tenía el antecedente de enfermedad de Castleman y SK en una biopsia de ganglio linfático.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PL) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoma that is strongly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and displays distinctive affinity for extranodal presentation in the oral cavity. We report the case of a PL involving the stomach in a 36 year-old man HIV+ patient, associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in sections adjacent to lymphoma. He had a positive history of Castleman disease and KS in a lymphoid node biopsy.

Características clinicopatológicas de la enfermedad de Castleman: experiencia en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología / Clinical and pathological features of Castleman's disease: experience at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City

Introducción: La enfermedad de Castleman es una entidad patológica poco comprendida, descrita originalmente en pacientes europeos. Informamos nuestra experiencia con esta entidad clinicopatológica en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos: Analizamos retrospectivamente los expedientes de pacientes con enfermedad de Castleman de 1996 a 2003. La enfermedad fue monocéntrica si había solo un ganglio o multicéntrica si se encontraba linfoadenopatía generalizada. Además, se dividió en las variantes histológicas hialinovascular y de células plasmáticas. Resultados: Once pacientes con enfermedad de Castleman fueron diagnosticados en el periodo referido, seis tenían enfermedad monocéntrica y cinco multicéntrica. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 40 meses. Todos los pacientes con enfermedad monocéntrica tenían la variante hialinovascular. De los cinco con multicéntrica, cuatro tenían la variante de células plasmáticas y uno la hialinovascular. Cinco pacientes con enfermedad monocéntrica se trataron con cirugía y uno con quimioterapia; al momento de este informe todos permanecían vivos y sin enfermedad. Tres pacientes con enfermedad multicéntrica recibieron quimioterapia y dos, quimioterapia más radioterapia por enfermedad residual; a dos pacientes se les prescribió quimioterapia de segunda línea, con buena respuesta. Dos pacientes con una condición asociada evolucionaron desfavorablemente. Conclusiones: Las características clínicas, patológicas y los resultados del tratamiento son similares a los señalados en otras poblaciones.

BACKGROUND: Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare, poorly understood pathological entity. We report our experience with this clinicopathological entity. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed records of all patients with CD from 1996 to 2003. The disease was classified as unicentric if a solitary mass was present or multicentric if generalized lymphadenopathy was present. We further subdivided the disease into hyaline vascular (HV) and plasma cell (PC) histological variants. RESULTS: We found 11 patients with CD. Six patients had unicentric disease and five had multicentric disease. Median follow-up was 40 months. All patients with unicentric disease had the HV variant. Of the five patients with multicentric disease, four had the PC variant and one had the HV. Five patients with unicentric disease were treated surgically with complete resection, and only one patient was treated with chemotherapy. All remain alive without disease. Three patients with multicentric disease were treated with chemotherapy, and two patients received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for residual disease. Two patients received second-line chemotherapy with a favorable outcome. Two patients with a comorbid condition had a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical characteristics, pathological features and treatment results are similar to that reported in other populations.

Retroperitoneal pararenal Castleman's disease / Enfermedad de Castleman de localización retroperitoneal pararenal

A 51-year old male patient with a three-month history of constant and dull left flank pain was investigated by ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen, which disclosed a 8 x 7 x 6 cm retroperitoneal pararenal mass with heterogeneous imaging characteristics and bright enhancement following intravenous contrast injection. Based on the hypervascularity of the mass and the lack of specific signs in the imaging investigation, lymphoma, sarcoma or vascular tumour were considered as probable diagnoses and the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy. The histologic examination of the surgically resected specimen disclosed "a hyaline type of Castleman's disease". Further evaluation of the patient with antibody testing for HIV 1 and 2, as well as viral load by PCR for Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8) were negative. Bone marrow aspiration, biopsy and immunophenotypic study did not disclose any evidence of lymphoma. Molecular study of the bone marrow for immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement showed a polyclonal pattern; serum protein electrophoresis did not show any evidence of hypergamma-globulinaemia and serum immunofixation electrophoresis did not show any monoclonal protein. A diagnosis of localized - unicentric type of Castleman's disease was made. Castleman's Disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of any solitary, heterogeneous and hypervascular retroperitoneal mass. Discovery of Castleman's disease at any area of the body should be followed by a thorough imaging and laboratory work-up in order to exclude the multicentric type of the disease and the co-existence of lymphoma.

Un paciente varón de 51 años con una historia de tres meses de dolor constante y sordo en el costado izquierdo, fue sometido a investigación mediante ultrasonografía, tomografía axial computarizada (IAC) e imagen por resonancia magnética (IRM) del abdomen. La investigación reveló una masa retro-peritoneal pararenal de 8 x 7 x 6 cm, con imagen de características heterogéneas y aumento de la luminosidad tras la inyección intravenosa de contraste. Sobre la base de hipervascularidad de la masa y la falta de signos específicos en la investigación por imágenes, el linfoma, el sarcoma o el tumor vascular fueron considerados como diagnósticos probables y el paciente fue sometido a una laparotomía exploratoria. El examen histológico del espécimen resecado quirúrgicamente reveló "un tipo hialino de la enfermedad de Castleman." La evaluación ulterior del paciente con prueba de anticuerpos de VIH 1 y 2, así como la carga viral por PCR para la detección del virus herpes humano tipo 8, dio resultados negativos. La aspiración de médula ósea, la biopsia y el estudio inmunofenotípico no mostraron ninguna evidencia de linfoma. El estudio molecular de la médula ósea para el reordenamiento de la cadena pesada de inmunoglobulina mostró un patrón policlonal. La electro-foresis de la proteína en suero no mostró evidencia alguna de hipergammaglobulinemia y la electroforesis de inmunofijación sérica no mostró proteína monoclonal alguna. Se hizo un diagnóstico de tipo unicéntrico y localizado de la enfermedad de Castleman. La Enfermedad de Castleman debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de cualquier masa retroperitoneal solitaria, heterogénea e hipervascular. El descubrimiento de la enfermedad de Castleman en cualquier área del cuerpo debe ser seguido de un examen por imágenes completo y pruebas exhaustivas de laboratorio, a fin de eliminar la posibilidad de un tipo multicéntrico de la enfermedad y la co-existencia de un linfoma.

Enfermedad de castleman: a propósito de un caso / Castleman disease: a purpose of a case

La enfermedad de Castleman o hiperplasia angiofolicular se caracteriza por hiperplasia linfoide reactiva, crecimiento de tumores benignos del tejido linfático y una mayor predisposición a padecer linfomas. Descrita por Benjamín Castleman en 1956, de etiología desconocida, con probable relación con el herpes virus tipo 8, fallo en la inmunorregulación, expresión aumentada del gen codificador de interleukina-6. En pediatría es excepcional. Clínicamente se distinguen las formas multicéntrica y la localizada (70 por ciento de los casos), de buen pronóstico, localizada en mediastino, cuello, abdomen, menos frecuente en axila, pelvis y páncreas; la resección de la lesión es curativa. Histológicamente se clasifica en dos tipos: hialinovascular (la más frecuente), y variedad de células plasmáticas. Se revisó la literatura y se presentan dos casos clínicos. Caso nº 1: escolar de 6 años, quien desde los 18 meses de vida presentaba masa tumoral en axila izquierda de 0,5 cm. la cual fue resecada a los 4 años. A los 6 años recidivó hasta medir 7 x 4 cms, realizándose exéresis. Presentó además hipergammaglobulinemia, bajo nivel de células NK y del índice CD4/CD8. Caso nº 2: pre-escolar masculino de 4 años, con masa tumoral en axila derecha de 1 cm. de 6 meses de evolución. Se le realizó biopsia excisional. En ambos casos el estudio anatomopatológico e inmunohistoquímico reportó Enfermedad de Castleman de variedad hialinovascular. Los pediatras y cirujanos pediatras debemos maximizar la vigilancia de adenomegalias que puedan ser lesiones centinelas de afección inmunológica o neoplásica curables si son tratadas precozmente.

Castleman’s disease or angiofolicular hiperplasy is characterized by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, benign tumors of lymphoid tissue and predisposition to develop lymphomas. Described by Benjamin Castleman in 1956, it is of unknown etiology, probably related to herpes virus type 8, immunoregulation failure, increased expression of 6-interleukin gene. Very rare in childhood, the disease has two different clinical types: a multicentric type, and a localized type (70% of the cases). The latter with good prognosis, located inmediastinum, neck, abdomen, and less frequently in axila, pelvis and pancreas. Treatment consists in the resection of the lesion. The histological types are the hyaline-vascular type (most frequent) and the plasma cells type. Literature was reviewed and two clinical cases are reported: Case nº1: 6 year old child, who presents at 18 months of age with a 0.5 cm bulk in his left axila. The lesion was removed surgically at 4 years of age, with reappearance of a 7 x 4 lesion which was removed at 6 years of age. This child had also hipergammaglobulinemia, low levels of NK cells and of the CD4/CD8 index. Case nº2: 4 year old child, who presented with a 1 cm mass in his right axila of 6 months of evolution. An excisional biopsy was performed. In both cases the histological study reported Castleman’s disease of hialinovascular variety. Pediatricians and pediatric surgeons must follow very closely the growth of lymphoid tissue that may represent immunological. or neoplastic lesions, potentially curable if diagnosed and treated early.

Enfermedad de castleman: descripción de un caso clínico / Castleman disease: description of a clinical case

La enfermedad de Castleman es un desorden raro caracterizado por crecimientos benignos que pueden convertirse en tejido fino de los nodos linfáticos a través del cuerpo. Los sitios más comunes son tórax, estómago, y cuello. Los sitios menos comunes incluyen las axilas, la pelvis, y el páncreas. Representan generalmente la ampliación anormal de los nodos de linfa encontrados normalmente en estas áreas. Hay dos tipos principales de enfermedad de Castleman: El tipo vascular hialino y el de células plasmáticas. El tipo vascular hialino explica aproximadamente 90 por ciento de las causas. La mayoría de los individuos no exhiben ningún síntoma de esta forma del desorden o pueden desarrollar crecimientos no-cancerosos en los nodos de linfa. El tipo de células plasmáticas de la enfermedad de Castleman se puede asociar a la fiebre, pérdida del peso, erupción de piel, destrucción temprana de los eritrocitos, conduciendo inusualmente a la anemia hemolítica, y/o a hipergammaglobulinemia.

The Castleman’s disease is a rare disorder characterized for a benign growth and that may develop in the lymph node tissue throughout the body. Most often, they occur in the chest, the stomach, and in the neck. Less common sites include the axils, the pelvis, and the pancreas. Usually the growths represent an abnormal enlargement of the lymphatic’s nodes normally found in these areas. There are two main types of Castleman’s disease: The hyaline vascular type and the plasma cell type. The hyaline vascular type accounts for approximately the 90 % of all the cases. Most of the individuals exhibit no symptoms of this form of the disorder or they may develop non cancerous growths in the lymphatic nodes. The plasma cell type of Castleman’s disease may be associated with fever, weight loss, skin rash, early destruction of the red blood cells, leading to unusually hemolytic anemia, and or hypergammaglobulinemia.

Retroperitoneal unicentric Castleman's disease (giant lymph node hyperplasia): case report

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Castleman's disease, or giant lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare disorder of the lymphoid tissue that causes lymph node enlargement. It is considered benign in its localized form, but aggressive in the multicentric type. The definitive diagnosis is based on postoperative pathological findings. The aim here was to describe a case of retroperitoneal unicentric Castleman's disease in the retroperitoneum. CASE REPORT: A 61-year old white male with weight loss and listlessness presented with moderate arterial hypertension and leukopenia. Abdominal tomography revealed a 5 x 4 x 5 cm oval mass of low attenuation, with inner calcification and intense enhancement on intravenous contrast, located in the retroperitoneal region, between the left kidney and the aorta, at the renal hilus. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a non-pulsatile solid oval mass situated in the retroperitoneum, adjacent to the left renal hilus. The retroperitoneal lesion was removed in its entirety. Examination of frozen samples revealed benign lymph node tissue and histopathological examination of the surgical sample revealed hyaline-vascular giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease). The patient was discharged on the 12th day without significant events. Two months after the operation, the patient was readmitted with severe cardiac insufficiency, acute renal failure and bronchopneumonia, which progressed to acute respiratory insufficiency, sepsis and death.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A doença de Castleman ou hiperplasia linfonodal gigante é desordem rara dotecido linfóide que causa linfadenomegalia. É considerada afecção benigna em sua forma localizada, porém agressiva no tipo multicêntrico. O diagnóstico definitivo está baseado nas achados anatomopatológicos pós-operatórios. O objetivo foi descrever um caso de doença de Castleman (hiperplasia linfonodal gigante) unicêntrica retroperitoneal localizada no retroperitônio. RELATO DO CASO: Homem, 61 anos, branco, com emagrecimento e adinamia, apresentava hipertensão arterial moderada e leucopenia. A tomografia abdominal revelou massa ovalada de 5 x 4 x 5 cm, hipoatenuante, com calcificação de permeio e intenso realce ao contraste intravenoso, localizado na região retroperitoneal, entre o rim esquerdo e a aorta, no hilo renal. A laparotomia exploradora revelou massa sólida, não pulsátil, ovalada, situada no retroperitônio, próximo ao hilo renal esquerdo e que foi retirada completamente. O exame de congelação mostrou tecido linfonodal benigno e o exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica revelou hiperplasia linfonodal gigante (doença de Castleman), forma hialina-vascular. O doente obteve alta no 12º dia. Após dois meses da operação, reinternou com quadro de insuficiência cardíaca grave, insuficiência renal e broncopneumonia, evoluindo com insuficiência respiratória aguda, sepse e óbito.